Short answer: The Apostle Paul. Evangelical Christians overwhelmingly hold that Paul of Tarsus wrote 1 Corinthians (including 15:20–22), writing as an inspired apostle to the church he founded in Corinth.
Why Paul is the most likely author
– The letter itself names Paul as author (1 Cor. 1:1; 16:21) and addresses specific personal details and relationships that match what Acts records about Paul’s ministry in Corinth.
– Early church testimony uniformly attributes the letter to Paul (e.g., Clement of Rome, Irenaeus).
– The theology, vocabulary, and personal tone fit Paul’s other undisputed letters (e.g., Romans, Galatians, 2 Corinthians).
– Paul claims apostolic authority based on his encounter with the risen Christ (cf. 1 Cor. 15:8; see also Acts 9; Gal. 1:11–24).
Brief biographical background (evangelical viewpoint)
– Paul (formerly Saul) was a Jew from Tarsus, trained as a Pharisee under Gamaliel, a Roman citizen and a Hellenistic Jew (Acts; Philippians).
– He persecuted the early church until his conversion on the Damascus road, when he encountered the risen Jesus. Evangelicals view this encounter as decisive and validating his apostleship.
– Paul became a missionary apostle, planted churches (including Corinth), wrote letters to instruct and correct them, and was committed to preaching the gospel of Christ crucified and raised.
– Likely writing date for 1 Corinthians: mid-50s AD, commonly placed while Paul was in Ephesus (or shortly afterward) during his missionary period.
Context of 1 Corinthians 15:20–22
– Chapter 15 addresses skepticism about the resurrection circulating in the Corinthian church. Paul stresses that the resurrection of Jesus is the linchpin of the gospel (15:1–4, 14, 17).
– Verses 20–22 teach that Christ’s resurrection is the “firstfruits” (the guarantee) of the general resurrection: because Christ was raised, those who are in Christ will be made alive. Paul contrasts Adam (through whom death came) with Christ (through whom life is given).
Key theological points emphasized by evangelicals from these verses
– The resurrection of Jesus is historic and central to the gospel: without it there is no hope beyond death (cf. 1 Cor. 15:14–19).
– Christ’s resurrection guarantees believers’ future, bodily resurrection — not merely immortal souls but resurrection life “in Christ.”
– Pauline theology often uses the Adam–Christ typology to show how Christ reverses Adam’s effect: death came through Adam; life comes through Christ.
– Assurance and hope: believers can face death and suffering with confidence because of Christ’s victory over death.
Pastoral and practical implications (evangelical emphasis)
– Gospel proclamation: the resurrection is nonnegotiable in evangelism and a proof of Christ’s victory over sin and death.
– Comfort in death: Christians can grieve with hope because death is not the final word.
– Holiness and mission: resurrection hope motivates holy living and urgent evangelism — many evangelicals see the resurrection as the basis for transformation and for sharing the gospel.
Suggested starting resources (evangelical-friendly)
– Commentaries: Gordon D. Fee (NICNT) on 1 Corinthians; Leon Morris; D. A. Carson.
– Short books/articles on the resurrection and Pauline theology by N. T. Wright (more nuanced with critical scholarship but respected by many evangelicals), Tom Wright, and classic evangelical treatments by J. N. D. Kelly or John Stott on Pauline themes.
If you want, I can:
– Give a short exposition of 1 Corinthians 15:20–22 verse by verse,
– Show how Paul’s own life (Acts and his letters) supports his authority to write this passage,
– Or recommend a concise devotional or sermon series on the resurrection from an evangelical perspective. Which would you prefer?