Suffering is one of the most universal experiences in human life, and it has been explored from different perspectives, including theological, philosophical, and scientific frameworks. Interestingly, research and the Bible appear to share some agreements on the nature and meaning of suffering. One aspect where they converge is the idea that suffering can lead to growth, wisdom, and strength. In the Bible, for instance, James 1:2-4 states that “consider it pure joy […] whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance. Let perseverance finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything” (New International Version). Likewise, in the psychological literature, several studies have found that individuals who experienced adversity or trauma can develop resilience, posttraumatic growth, and a sense of purpose and meaning in life (Greater Good Magazine).
Another area where research and the Bible concur is the notion that suffering is a consequence of the human condition, including sin or free will. The Bible teaches that the original sin of Adam and Eve introduced suffering into the world, both physical and spiritual. In Romans 8:20-22, it says that “the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the freedom and glory of the children of God. We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time” (NIV). Similarly, some psychologists have proposed that suffering is rooted in the human tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, which can lead to negative emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and psychopathologies (International Journal of Molecular Sciences).
Thirdly, the Bible and research seem to agree that suffering is not inherently meaningless, but it can serve a higher purpose or a divine plan. Job, for example, experiences tremendous suffering, but he ultimately learns to trust in God’s sovereignty and wisdom. In Job 42: 5, he declares, “My ears had heard of you but now my eyes have seen you” (NIV). Similarly, Viktor Frankl, a psychiatrist who survived the Holocaust, proposed that suffering can reveal one’s deepest values, aspirations, and responsibilities and thus foster a sense of transcendence, self-transcendence, and spiritual growth (Journal of Humanistic Psychology).
Other areas where research and the Bible converge on suffering include the potential of empathy and compassion to alleviate suffering, the importance of social support, the reality of evil and injustice, and the hope of redemption and restoration. By exploring these commonalities, individuals can gain a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the nature and significance of suffering and can find solace, guidance, and inspiration from both scientific and biblical perspectives.
